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刘向鲁共公择言的意思|文言文译文_古诗词大?/title>
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<p class="original">梁王魏婴觞诸侯于范台。酒酣，请鲁君举觞。鲁君兴，避席择言曰：“昔者，帝女令仪狄作酒而美，进之禹，禹饮而甘之，遂疏仪狄，绝旨酒，曰：‘后世必有以酒亡其国者。’齐桓公夜半不嗛，易牙乃煎熬燔灸，和调五味而进之，桓公食之而饱，至旦不觉，曰：‘后世必有以味亡其国者。’晋文公得南之威，三日不听朝，遂推南之威而远之，曰：‘后世必有以色亡其国者。’楚王登强台而望崩山，左江而右湖，以临彷徨，其乐忘死，遂盟强台而弗登，曰：‘后世必有以高台陂池亡其国者。’今主君之尊，仪狄之酒以；主君之味，易牙之调也；左白台而右闾须，南威之美也；前夹林而后兰台，强台之乐也。有一于此，足以亡其国。今主君兼此四者，可无戒与！”梁王称善相属?/p>
<p class="translation">梁王魏婴在范台宴请诸侯。当大家喝得高兴时，梁王请鲁共公举杯祝酒。鲁共公站起来，离开座位，选择了一番有意义的话，说：“从前，舜的女儿让仪狄酿造美酒，味道极好，奉送给禹，禹喝了觉得很甜美，于是疏远了仪狄，并戒了酒。说：‘后世必定有因为饮酒而亡国的！’齐桓公半夜里感到饥饿，不舒服，易牙立刻烹煮烧烤，调和五味，进献给齐桓公吃。齐桓公吃得饱饱的，直到第二天早晨还没睡醒。说：‘后世必定有贪图美味而亡国的！’晋文公得到美女南威，三天都不上朝听政，于是将南威推开，疏远了她，说：‘后世必定有因为好女色而亡国的！’楚庄王登上高高的强台，眺望崩山，左面是大江，右面是大湖，俯视下面，徘徊留连，快乐得忘了死的危险。于是，他发誓不再登上强台。说：‘后世必定有爱好修建王室园林而亡国的！’现在，梁王你的酒杯里是仪狄的酒；你的饭菜是易牙所烹调；你左面的白台，右面的闾须，是南威般的美女；你前面有夹林，后面有兰台，是和强台一般的快乐。这四件事里只要有一样，就可以亡国。梁王你而今兼有这四样，难道可以不警惕吗？”梁王听了，连声称赞说好?/p>
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<p>《鲁共公择言》是选自《战国策·魏策二》上的一章，文章记叙了梁惠王在范台宴集诸侯时，鲁共公在席间的一番祝酒辞。题目中所谓“择言”， 即择善而言的意思， 也就是选择具有深刻意义的话的意思， 因此可以看出?这篇祝酒之辞不同一般。这篇文章虽短小?但其含意深邃?结构严谨?文气疏朗而自然， 语言整齐而不板滞?可以说是独具特色?/p></div>
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<p>战国时期，某些强大的诸侯国国君经常将朝见他的附庸国国君召集在一起，饮宴娱乐，既显示其强大。此次鲁、卫、宋、郑等诸侯小国的国君朝见梁王，梁惠王让鲁共公祝酒，鲁共公在祝酒辞中，以巧妙的引证，委婉而中肯地劝导梁惠王，告诫他消除侈靡淫乐，不然有亡国之虞?/p></div>
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<p class="introduction">刘向（前77?年），字子政，沛县（今属江苏）人。楚元王刘交四世孙。汉宣帝时，为谏大夫。汉元帝时，任宗正。以反对宦官弘恭、石显下狱，旋得释。后又以反对恭、显下狱，免为庶人。汉成帝即位后，得进用，任光禄大夫，改名为“向”，官至中垒校尉。曾奉命领校秘书，所撰《别录》，为中国最早的图书公类目录。治《春秋榖梁传》。编订整理《战国策》。又编有《楚辞》，所作辞赋三十三篇，大多亡佚，唯《九叹》为完篇。原有集，已佚，明人辑为《刘中垒集》?/p>
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